Posted on March 18, 2008 by Wayan Vota in Countries: Peru, Implementation: Plan

The little town of Arahuay, Peru must feel like a ugly duckling suddenly becoming a beautiful swan - one day it was a Peruvian backwater and the next it's the center of global technology attention with a OLPC Peru pilot in its midst..

olpc subsidized sales
Pointing to a OLPC Peru future

First there was Carla Gomez Monroy's detailed write up of her experience at Institución Educativa Apóstol Santiago in Arahuay. Then the AP wrote a sweet Christmas story on how OLPC was inspiring children:

"Some tell me that they don't want to be like their parents, working in the fields," first-grade teacher Erica Velasco says of her pupils. She had just sent them to the Internet to seek out photos of invertebrates -- animals without backbones.

"What they work with most is the (built-in) camera. They love to record," says Maria Antonieta Mendoza, an Education Ministry psychologist studying the Arahuay pilot to devise strategies for the big rollout when the new school year begins in March.

After a near-death experience at the school, Ivan Krstić let us know he was astounded in Arahuay with the impact that One Laptop Per Child has on the entire community - children, parents, teachers, and school administrators. He found three key changes brought by the technology.

OLPC Peru
An OLPC Peru success

First, children started communicating more in and out of class, using the XO as a means to eclipse physical barriers and as a way to break down social barriers. Then, since each child had the exact same laptop, they started to share ideas instead of being selfish with things. Last, but not least, there was a change in family perception of school:

"Children’s fathers used to seethe with fury when the laptops were passed out, because the kids no longer wanted to help work in the field all day," he continued.

"I didn’t know how we’d stop the fathers from revolting and making the kids return their XOs," he says, shaking his head slightly. "The kids solved the dilemma for me: they taught their fathers how to use the Internet and a search engine."

"Then they started showing them the work they were doing for school. The reports they wrote, the pictures they took, the notes they compiled. And the fathers had actual proof that their kids were learning," he concluded.

OLPC Peru
OLPC in the classroom
I think the MIT Review captures the current OLPC Peru feelings with its apt article title, "OLPC's Peruvian Honeymoon". While the title referred to Mary Lou Jepsen's belated honeymoon with her husband in Peru, it is apropos to this stage of OLPC Peru development.

So far, we've been awed by the picturesque pilot progress and very shortly there will be 240,000 XO laptops headed towards Peru as One laptop Per Child ramps up its largest deployment ever attempted. Now OLPC is in a mad dash to refine its deployment approach, and just completed its first deployment guide:

With input from the Tech Team, the Learning Team, Brightstar, and the Deployment Team, we now have a Deployment Guide. The guide covers planning, execution, and support, along with some tips based upon our experience in trial deployments around the world; a sample deployment schedule; a sample workshop schedule; a check list to guide you through the deployment process; and a glossary of OLPC terms.
Here's to wishing all the OLPC teams luck in implementation, the hardest, messiest, and most time and resource intensive aspect of any technology project, exponentially compounded by each distance, language, and culture barrier. Or as MIT Review says:
[Mary Lou] Jepsen acknowledged that the challenges Peru faces in reforming its educational system dwarf those of actually designing the pint-sized green-and-white gadgets. "Laptops are easy; education is hard to transform," she told ministry staff.
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Posted on March 07, 2008 by Wayan Vota in Internet: Access, Countries: Peru

I was wrong to suggest the need for certified VSAT installers in my VSAT Installation Dance post about Internet access for OLPC schools in Peru. There may be a bigger issue: no synchronous Internet connectivity for all of OLPC Peru!

vsat dance
No VSATs needed for OLPC Peru

According to Javier Rodriguez's interview of Oscar Becerra, from "DIGETE" or "Direccion General de Tecnologias Educativas," which manages the "Huascaran Project", the OLPC Peruvian project, and other distance or tele-education programs:

Question (Javier Rodriguez): the OLPC project is going to use some of the infrastructure that the Huascaran project can provide?
Answer (Oscar Becerra): That is not the route that has been planned. The OLPC XOs machines will have their own method to connect to the Internet, mainly not related to the Huascaran Project.

Q: About the OLPC' XOs in Peru.. are they going to be connected to the Internet by VSATs?
A: No. That is not the plan. The XOs will record their request in USBs that will be "collected" by the teacher in his XO or in a School Server. Then the teacher will travel to the nearest "internet capable" point and send its request.

This travel can be once by day, once by week, once by month or once every three months. That depends on the location and environment conditions of the village and the location of the nearest internet point. There are many "Internet Cafes" (cabinas) in the remote villages, one can be surprised about where you will find an Internet Cafe

([Javier:] I translate "cabinas" as "Internet Cafe" because for Americans this could be the most accurate image... but no cafe there! only cheap computers (normally) connected to the internet).

Q: Are the "Internet Cafes" going to have the computers ready to "get the USB" and "pass" the request of information to the Internet? this "Internet Cafes" work with Windows and not with "Linux"... ?
A: That is not the only way. The teacher can travel to the nearest UGEL, the UGEL must have a computer that is able to get the USB from the teacher and do all needed requests.

([Javier:] there are 250 UGELS approximately in all Peru. An UGEL is a local administrative office of the Ministry of Education, they manage directly all the schools in some area).

Asynchronous "sneakernet" Internet connectivity is not a new idea - I remember shuffling floppy disks between TSR-80's back in the day, and I even worked on a USB key-enabled program recently. In addition, asynchronous connectivity school servers can be the best system for very rural and remote regions that cannot afford VSATs.

But isn't it odd that Peru is not utilizing the Internet connectivity infrastructure that is already present in the country:

  • 6,300 VSAT's through Fondo de Inversion en Telecommunications del Peru (FITEL)
  • LMI Peru, which added "micro-telco" businesses
  • The Huascaran project which added 900 VSAT connected schools
In addition, I've heard that Peru has a rather wealthy Universal Service fund and is about to spend $70 million USD to expand rural Internet connectivity.

Also, isn't much of the OLPC functionality predicated on Internet connectivity? From exploring new content, to adding new software, to resetting Bitfrost, I thought synchronous Internet access was a requirement for a full One Laptop Per Child implementation.

Then why is the Peruvian government pushing OLPC beyond synchronous infrastructure? Wouldn't it be more efficient to leverage the current networks to bring the wealth of the Internet to rural Peruvian children through the XO laptop? What Peruvian enigma is at the root of this mystery?

Related Internet Connectivity Posts:

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Posted on March 07, 2008 by Wayan Vota in Internet: Access, Countries: Peru

I love Ivan Krstić's "notebook" of his One Laptop Per Child experiences. There we get to live vicariously through him as he flies around the world as a one-man tech support for the OLPC program.

His most recent experience, Things not to do in Peru starts off as a tale of medical woe in a distant land that I can fully relate to. But then he describes his adventures with technology and I got really concerned:

vsat dance
The VSAT dance at OLPC Peru
Most of all, don’t have a near-death experience in an Andean hilltop hamlet when you’re asked to help disassemble a VSAT satellite terminal perched atop a school roof whose sun-scorched tiles can’t withstand the weight of one person, let alone two, and particularly not when they’re carrying said VSAT terminal.

Extra hint: don’t have the tiles start crumbling and breaking under your feet as you scramble maniacally to walk to safety without falling through the roof while also not dropping the antenna.

Can I give OLPC a big hint? Do not send your Director of Security Architecture to move a VSAT antenna. Yes, he might want to be a hardware geek for a day, but it's not the best use of his time. Worst of all, where would OLPC be if he did fall through that roof?

This is 2008, and VSAT technicians are easy to find. The Global VSAT Forum certified installers database is a good start, and local technology vendors would be a better finish. Not only would there be less danger of loosing key staff, local partners would be there the next day for maintenance and repair if the VSAT needed a fix.

Update: While the paragraphs below detail how OLPC could install VSATs, we've now learned that there will be no synchronous Internet connectivity (or VSATs) for OLPC Peru.
But I wonder why OLPC needed to install VSATs to begin with? Under Peru's National Program for Rural Telecommunications Projects, Fondo de Inversion en Telecommunications del Peru (FITEL), Dail Sat installed 6,300 VSAT's in a public call office network, serving some 6,000 communities, and providing rural satellite telephony and Internet backbone to 20% of Peru’s population.

In addition, USAID sponsored LMI Peru with the Peruvian government to take Internet connectivity out past even Dial Sat's reach, to the poorest hamlets in the mountainous countryside.

If OLPC and Peru want the greatest impact with XO laptops, they should be building on these earlier efforts in connectivity, putting computers in communities that already have connectivity and electrical infrastructure. That way Ivan Krstić can focus on the real challenge of empowering children's education in far and distant lands: governmental deployment planning, both technical and organizational, for 260,000 XO laptops.

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Posted on January 30, 2008 by Wayan Vota in Sales Talk: Countries, Countries: Peru

xo is god
Marcelo Claure & Bolivian President
I've always wondered about the OLPC Peru mystery. How One laptop per Child was able to get such a quick uptake in Peru, a poor country with many problems?

Reading Nicholas Negroponte's interview with Fortune, I am starting to understand. Its all about personal connections!
In fact in 1991 a Peruvian educator [Oscar Becerra Tresierra] visited me at the MIT media lab and I introduced him to Seymour [Papert, the educational researcher who has been deeply involved in OLPC], and he was very taken with Seymour's theories.

So he went back and sent several people to the U.S. to study those theories. They went back to Peru in the early 90s, and this man who started that work has recently become the Minister of Education. And several of the people he sent to the US are in the ministry working with him.
Now its not all Negroponte's and Papert's disciples who are stoking the OLPC flame south of the Darien Gap. You also have Brightstar, the OLPC distributor, making its own personal connections.

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Posted on December 01, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Countries: Mexico, Countries: Peru, Laptops: XO-1

olpc subsidized sales
Pointing to a OLPC Peru future
This just in via the Boston Globe: One Laptop Per Child is selling XO laptops like hotcakes!

First up, Nicholas Negroponte has announced that OLPC Peru is on:
[T]he government of Peru has signed a contract to purchase 260,000 of the $188 machines. "It was notarized five minutes ago," he said, adding that the Peruvian order will make it easier for the foundation to sign up more countries to the program. "It's momentum."
Adding to his momentium is an scaled down OLPC Mexico:
Negroponte also said Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim has purchased 50,000 of the machines for distribution in his country. "He's an old friend, and he's been involved in this from the beginning."
Now while that isn't the 250,000 XO laptops Slim promised earlier, it's better than a Nigeria, where OLPC's partner is now pushing Classmates with Windows and OLPC is fighting a patent infringement lawsuit.

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Posted on November 27, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Use Cases: Education, Countries: India, Countries: Nigeria, Countries: Peru, Commentary: Press

Yesterday's Boston Globe had an telling juxtaposition of Iqbal Quadir of the wildly successful GrameenPhone and Nicholas Negroponte of the wildly publicized One Laptop Per Child. Like last week's WSJ article, Negroponte again came off looking the fool. Why? Because he ignored local user groups in favor of dealing with governments - federal governments. Now let's have Iqbal Quadir give the money quote on why GrameenPhone is a success and OLPC isn't:
"I have learned from history that actually, the countries that are developed, where governments behave and serve the public, are those where the citizens have empowered themselves through technologies and business,"
So let us take a tour of XO laptop users where citizens have empowered themselves through technologies, through education, to form more holistic communities. First up, a news report on OLPC Peru's Una computadora por niño program in Institución Educativa Santiago Apostol de Arahuay
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Posted on October 14, 2007 by Eduardo Villanueva Mansilla in Countries: Peru, Sales Talk: Price

olpc subsidized sales
Pointing to OLPC Peru
Peru is poised to become the second official buyer of the One Laptop Per Child XO-1 computer, after President Alan García Pérez's announcement on October 11th to buy at least 40,000 XO's from OLPC this year and 250,000 more next year:
Garcia Perez announced the approval of a request for additional credit of 22 million soles to buy the first 40 thousand school computers, smaller than conventional ones, valued between $130 and $150 US dollars each.

Noting that this purchase is part of the process of incorporating technology in schools in the country, he remarked that these modern machines will enable children to learn to investigate, seek information and connect with the world through the computer.
The computers will be used in rural schools, apparently in those already included in the Huascaran program, a not-that-successful attempt by the previous administration to provide computers to schools. In a number of cases, computer labs with satellite Internet connection were set up so servers and network equipment should be available to connect XOs, though the exact details are not being made public just yet.

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Posted on September 04, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Use Cases: Education, Countries: Peru

OLPC Peru
Reading Carla Gomez Monroy's detailed write up of her experience with OLPC Peru at Institución Educativa Apóstol Santiago in Arahuay, I am heartened by her newfound objectivity.

Unlike her all-positive OLPC Nigeria write-up, in Peru she points out the frustrations as well as the successes in trying to establish a one-to-one computing environment with XO laptops in a poor, rural school in the Cordillera de la Viuda, 2600 meters above sea level and three hours by dirt road from Lima.

Take her description of the One Laptop Per Child distribution ceremony and the very real threat of laptop theft:
Something the teachers told us afterwards, that also impressed us, was that every single parent came to the meeting, except for two of them, even when parents had to walk incredibly long distances to make it.

Of the parents that didn’t show, three children are brothers who are fully registered in the school, and we also gave them their laptops. They will be able to use their laptops freely, as all the other children in Arahuay town, however, they will not be able to take their laptops back home on weekends until their parents come and approve that it's okay for them to take them home on weekends.

Town authorities and OLPC-in-Peru are concerned that since they go so far, they may be hurt by someone trying to steal their laptops from them, since word has spread that they have laptops. Nevertheless, the Arahuay community has committed itself to making sure the children can freely and securely use their laptops around town.
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Posted on August 01, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Sales Talk: Countries, People: Negroponte, Countries: Peru, Prototypes: XO

olpc panama president
OLPC XO in Panama?
Did Nicholas Negroponte just announce an OLPC Panama in his comments to Fortune?
"But the Intel news combined with the manufacturing launch shows this project really is going somewhere. Negroponte says the first transfer of money - meaning a firm order - should happen next week, with either Peru or Panama."
Reading that paragraph, I am shocked to hear the inclusion of República de Panamá in the One Laptop Per Child program at this time. According to the OLPC Wiki, Panama is a post-launch phase participating country, which fits into Negroponte OLPC distribution strategy he detailed at Forrester last year:
I say no to small countries. We get, a lot of small countries at the Head of State level, have asked us and Rwanda's one, Panama's one, Dominican Republic's one, uh, Ethiopia's one, I can go through lists.

Now Ethiopia's big and we will probably do Ethiopia, I'll go there shortly. But if it's a very small country, um, it doesn't help us in the launch. But we include them in whatever way we can, and we have a distribution model, because we're supply limited. So we will include them, get machines, and you'll see machines in Panama, you'll see machines in Guatemala, and so on.
And in fact, we do see "$100 laptops" and OLPC interest in Panama.

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Posted on July 23, 2007 by Guest Writer in Countries: Peru, Hardware: Production, Prototypes: XO

Like proud parents bringing home their new baby, team members at the Peruvian OLPC project filmed the arrival of their new BTest-4 XO computer and posted it on YouTube for our viewing pleasure. On a second video, the proud parents did a side-by-side comparison of their new B4 with their old B2. I'm Alec McLure and I have a synopsis and some thoughts on both videos.

In the first video, very reminiscent of Christmas morning home movies, a beaming Alfonso de la Guarda unpacks the obviously solidly packed laptop 2-pack.
An interesting point, he mentions that this time around the customs charges were "only" $66 (apparently when they brought in the previous machine duties were over $150!). South American bureaucracy being what it is, they lucked out this time around. Personally, I'm impressed they were able to get it through customs without multiple visits. I'd also be curious as to what cost basis customs is using to calculate duties.

First out of the box are the chargers and batteries in their own little tray. Although he compares the charger to the previous version, he doesn't remark on any very obvious changes at this point.

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Posted on June 19, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Countries: Peru, Hardware: Power Supply

potenco pull string charger
Potenco Power Generator
Wondering about the progress on One Laptop Per Child's hand-crank power generator ideas, I went looking for news of Potenco's hand-powered spindle (or salad spinner, or yoyo) and I found not one, but two very informative videos.

First up, we have a Potenco presentation at Web2.0Expo where we learn that Potenco is estimating one minute of pulling its human-power electricity generator can give a user 1 hour of light, 25 minutes of mobile phone talk time, 45 minutes on the Nintendo DS, and an impressive 230 minutes of iPod shuffle music - about one song per pull!

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Posted on May 09, 2007 by Eduardo Villanueva Mansilla in Sales Talk: Countries, Countries: Peru, Commentary: Press

olpc journal
Press happy OLPC computing
On Sunday 6th, May 2007, Peru's minister of education announced that the country was to participate in the OLPC project. He appeared on the front yard of the Government Palace, next to the Housing minister (more on him later). With an XO in hand, he stated the following:
  • Peru was going to signed an agreement with the MIT next July for participation on the OLPC program.
  • The computers were quite affordable, at 100 USD per unit. It wasn't completely clear, but it was understood that public funds were going to be used to buy an indeterminate number of the computers for the "poorest students" of the country, with further elaboration.
  • Finally, he stated that the computers are already been used in other Latin American countries, and the first 100 computers, already bought by the Peruvian government, were to be distributed for experimental purposes.
And that was it. No further information is available, not even in the ministry website or elsewhere.

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