Posted on March 30, 2007 by Christoph Derndorfer in Hardware: Keyboard, Hardware: Screen, Prototypes: XO

OLPC red hat
Jan Wildeboer of Red Hat Germany
Ever since I saw the first design-studies and later photos of the One Laptop Per Child machines now called X0 I wanted to see one in person. Fortunately I finally had a chance to do that during the CeBIT tradeshow in Hannover last week.

The Children's Machine X0 was being presented at the Red Hat booth and Jan Wildeboer from Red Hat Germany also held a short presentation during the "open day" at the Heise stage.

The very first impression I had was that the laptop was a bit smaller than I had expected it to be. While I knew that the display is 7.5" I had still expected it to be larger. But it only took a second or so for those thoughts to be gone because I was busy drooling over the X0's display.

Now again, I had seen the videos, I had seen the photos, I had read the specifications and I knew that everyone who had seen the dual mode display found it to be amazing. So one might say that I had high expectations. But the X0 easily managed to top them, the screen really is that spectacular.

After playing around with the system for 15 minutes none of those 108" LCDs or Plasmas shown at CeBIT were of any interest to me. And I nearly started crying when I used my own laptop again. So yes, I'm also going to cheer in with the rest of the folks who absolutely love that 7.5” Dual-mode TFT display. Unfortunately I didn't find a way to enable the reflective monochrome mode so my experience is based on the regular color mode.

One last note about the hardware itself: when I lifted the unit to see how heavy it was I found the weight distribution of the machine a bit uncomfortable. Obviously the heaviest parts are the battery backs and there's little OLPC or Quanta Computercan do to change that. The weight doesn't really matter during normal "desktop" operating when the X0 is placed on surface. But I found it quite hard to comfortably hold the system with one hand only while it was folded into tablet mode.

Next I proceeded to experiment with the XO keyboard and the touchpad to see how the computer's primary input devices work. First I have to say that the touchpad seemed better than on most other notebooks that I've used.

It's very hard to pin-point the reason but there some touchpad solutions (like on the MacBooks for example) that simply work while others (e.g. the one on the Fujitsu-Siemens notebook that I'm writing these lines on) seem like a serious pain to use. I was happy to find that the X0's touchpad belongs to the first group. In terms of the keyboard it was very hard to make a definite judgment.

As you probably know the X0 uses a washable rubber-membrane keyboard. The size of the keys is obviously smaller than on a regular notebook given that the target users are children. Whenever I look at a notebook in a store I try to type the phrase "this is a test to see how well the keyboard works" as quickly as possible.

That normally gives me a good impression of how well I get along with a keyboard without any training. Well, as you can see here I managed to do quite well in AbiWord. However I did find the keys to be a bit "wobbly" and for users with previous experience on regular keyboards it will probably take some time to get used to the new typing feel.

Last but not least I moved on to try and gauge the Sugar interface. Unfortunately the software version installed on that particular sample seemed to be quite old as it was extremely slow and unresponsive at times. It often took close to 40 seconds to start or switch between applications. This also made using the so-called "Home View" which shows you the currently running activities less fun.

OLPC news screen
OLPC News on OLPC XO

The applications themselves seemed to work very well. AbiWord was very convenient to use and I certainly liked the minimalistic interface. The web browser (not sure though whether it was Firefox or Epiphany) was also a breeze to use and combined with the amazing screen surfing the web was great and worked without a flaw. All the websites I looked at were nicely scaled to the screen.

Unfortunately I forgot to test how well the OLPC X0 copes with complicated websites using Flash or providing video content. I also had a quick look at the RSS reader which also worked as advertised.

Well, what can I say after my short hands-on experience? In terms of the hardware the Children's Machine X0 is an outstanding device and unlike any other laptop that I've previously used. It is even cooler than what I had expected it to be. (And I also didn't have any trouble opening the X0.)

With regards to the operating system software I think it is too early to make any definite judgments in either direction. There's many reasons to believe that Sugar might be the best in terms user interface design for people with without or very limited previous exposure to computer systems.

Of course there's also a couple of arguments claiming that Sugar should be dropped in favour of a more traditional desktop system. Personally I believe that Sugar can be an amazing environment if the OLPC does some serious user interface testing and also listens closely to the feedback from testing in Thailand.

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Posted on March 29, 2007 by Jon Camfield in People: Leadership, Software: Operating System

OLPC focus
Everyone's focus: OLPC XO

Shmoocon's focus is security; and Ivan Krstić, the architect of OLPC's Bitfrost security, presented on his revolutionary security plan and received criticism from the other panelists as well as the audience. A lot of ground was covered in a short time, and more questions than answers resulted.

The common concern among the security crowd seems to be the potential of distributing up to 150 million identical laptops, and having these all turn into a humongous botnet for distributed denial of service attacks or other maliciousness. The response to this from Ivan is that there are built in traffic throttling and packet-shaping security to reduce this as a threat (unless of course this capability is also subverted).

There were a group of hardware/design questions revolving around the crypto keys that OLPC developers use to access the internal software of the laptop (potentially also used for remote security updates?) - they are present in the hardware, so if a key gets "out," it cannot be revoked. I remember this being tried before with DVDs, which failed to work well. On the crypto note, there are potential export restrictions, as cryptography does remain classified as a munition.

Sean Coyne, a panelist from VulnerableMinds.com, also noted the similar capabilities between the US Army's goals for their Advanced War Fighter program and the OLPC - could it be a tool of a malicious government to use for their army, or for child soldiers? This may be a bit extreme, but with mesh networking, a 30fps camera and VOIP or text-chat communication, it's not totally left-field.

On the roll-out, this is a huge deployment of the new IPv6 standard, which is needed, but it, combined with the mesh network based on unformalized specifications, open up new and unique attack possibilities and denial of service risks. What if your house is the only link between a one server per school (and thus the Internet) and a large portion of your classmates' homes? What is the social side of mesh.

OLPC hackers
OLPC XO: a hacking holiday

The view-source key, which also allows interactive editing of the code itself, is of course a huge vector for attacks and annoyance. You can not only edit your own code, but you can also share it with your friends. I can only being to imagine the mass chaos this could lead to (thankfully there's a reboot-and-restore function!)

Security of course is heavily a social problem. It's hard enough to keep US computer users from clicking on emailed viruses, forwarding chain-mail, and not responding to 419 scams; we're about to bring millions of kids online and expose them to phishing problems, spam, an army of captcha-solvers, and all sorts of other potential malicious activity.

The same properties which could help web servers determine if a laptop is an OLPC to serve it potentially customized content for its unique screen properties reveal that the user of the remote machine is probably a child, who has an Internet connection, a camera and a microphone. There are definite concerns for online predation and exploitive (but potentially very profitable) child sex work.

Finally, there's a risk that the OLPC will succeed and create a worldwide surplus of skilled ICT professionals. What happens when there's no market to absorb this glut? Are we training a generation of hackers? This is a real problem, but we'll have a few years to prepare for it if OLPC ends up working - definitely something to keep an eye on.

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Posted on March 28, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Sales Talk: Countries, Countries: Greece, Prototypes: OLPC

olpc greece
All Greek OLPC to me
The last time we checked in with One Laptop Per Greek Child, they were looking for volunteers to help with OLPC localization into Greek.

It now sounds like Thodoros Karounos of Metsovio University and coordinator of the OLPC Greece Initiative Committee has his hands full with contributors like Simos Xenitellis. HomeBoy MediaNews reports that:

The Greek project associated with OLPC has many volunteers, including 250 people with programming, translation and other skills and another 250 primary and secondary school teachers. The team includes lawyers, PhDs, English teachers and one young student who is in the sixth grade of primary school.
Why might so many volunteers be needed? The Greek team is in a race against the clock. Greece has set a target of 20,000 computers for 300 schools by September and MiDWaN says 15,000 computers could be Children's Machine XO's for "dimotiko" (the sixth grade of primary school) and "gymnasio" (the second class of junior high school), focusing on mathematics and physics.

A full OLPC Greece implementation would mark a dramatic shift in the target market for One Laptop Per Child. Greece is not Brazil or Nigeria, its part of the European Union and its education system is relatively well developed. Might this be the first move by Quanta Computer to enter the "developed" world market?

olpc greece
A future mature market Christmas?

The Financial Times reports that Quanta Computer is exploring ultra-low-cost (~200 USD) computer production targeting developed markets in the next 12 months.

Michael Wang, Quanta's president, said on Tuesday that the concepts developed through the OLPC project could be applied to create commercially viable machines that are cheaper than anything on the market so far.

"We will definitely at the right time launch a commercialised product similar to the OLPC," he said in an interview with the Financial Times, adding that several of Quanta's customers were seeking to launch such a product.

So maybe this is a solution to the ever-preset problem of OLPC eBay sales, rumors of OLPC retail sales, and a whole other way to get the Children's Machine XO in USA schools: direct parental purchase of OLPC-equivalents through normal retail channels.

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Posted on March 28, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Software: Applications, People: Leadership, Software: Operating System, Commentary: Press

After two days of constant OLPC XO BTest-3 hardware upgrade coverage, thoughts, and impacts, its time to remember the greater vision, the complete One Laptop Per Child program. What better way to remember that this project is about people, not machines, that to see a wonderful soft-music-background video exploration of the talented OLPC leadership by Red Hat, a major OLPC sponsor:
Download this video: [ogg]
If you get all fired up by the video and want to participate in the largest monoculture computer distribution ever attempted, then check out Red Hat's other recent OLPC-related release: a step by step tutorial on how to construct a Sugarized activity in Python.

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Posted on March 27, 2007 by Christoph Derndorfer in Software: Applications, Hardware: Production, Software: Third Party

I assume that by now most of you have read about OLPC X0's hardware improvements. Earlier today I talked to a fellow colleague at university about these changes and his reaction was something along the lines of "why are you so excited about this, the specifications still suck".

So I went on to tell him why I'm thinking that the decision to boost the X0 hardware is a significant improvement over the previous B2 revision hardware. Each one of them will help to improve X0 functionality a lot.

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Posted on March 27, 2007 by Robert Arrowsmith in Hardware: Production, Prototypes: XO

Isn't it great to hear the OLPC XO versions keep getting better and better?! It seems like they just keep coming out with new improved versions of the hardware to make them faster and more efficient. I'd think that, rather than adding more hardware improvements and increasing the price of the Children's Machine XO they'd be trying to wring out more on the software end. Its almost the same treadmill now that manufacturers go through with regular run-of-the-mill laptops. Will we have AMD providing a low power version of their Athlon or Opteron chip soon?

The question I'm asking is, will any of the hardware improvements make a big difference to the performance of the X0 laptop compared with earlier builds? While the new processor they are using on the B3 build is a little faster, the speed improvement is nothing to write home about. The new processor architecture is better in several ways with probably the biggest single in the extra cache size on the chip. 128KBytes may not sound like much but its a big jump from the original Geode chips 32KBytes.

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Posted on March 26, 2007 by Jon Camfield in People: Leadership, Hardware: Power Supply, Prototypes: XO

Listening to Ivan Krstić's Bitfrost security presentation at shmooCon, he revealed another power boost to the Children's Machine XO.

The OLPC XO BTest-3 will have a new battery based on LiFePO4 chemistry. LiFePO4 was a battery technology proposed by researchers at the University of Texas and revisited by other companies (there's evidently some patent disputes around the technology).

The LiFePO4 battery promises to be safer, less at risk for explosions, and colder running batteries. Lithium iron phosphate is an intrinsically safer cathode material than LiCoO2. The traditional downside of this has been lower voltage and less energy density. It's good that OLPC is moving towards battery technology that aims at higher safety (and lower toxicity to boot) -- can you imagine one battery recall per child?

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Posted on March 25, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Hardware: Production, Prototypes: XO

Now that OLPC has a stable Sugar UI build and two rounds of hardware testing, they've decided its time to upgrade the hardware for the third round of testing, the BTest-3 Children's Machine XO platform.

And what might OLPC developers be geeking with now? Today at ShmooCon, Ivan Kristic announced that One Laptop Per Child will be trading the 366Mhz AMD processor, 128MB RAM and 512 NAND flash storage for a whole XO chipset upgrade.

The OLPC XO BTest-3 hardware specs will be a AMD Geode LX-700 433Mhz .13 micron chip sipping an impressive 0.8 watts backed up with chip caching at 128KB for both L1 and L2 cache, increased RAM to 256MB and NAND flash storage to a full 1 Gigabyte.

The very first impact of this hardware upgrade will be a quickening of the OLPC XO boot-up. It's currently two minutes plus of operating system processing boredom torture before Sugar presents itself

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Posted on March 23, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Sales Talk: Countries, Sales Talk: Price

Members of the Romanian Education Commission in the House of Deputies reviewed and then rejected One Laptop Per Romanian Child recently. HotNews.ro reports that the rejection was officially due to financial constraints of the Children's Machine XO:
House Commission head Lia Olguta Vasilescu said they believed the 700 million euro needed for the procurement of the laptops was too much an amount and would weigh heavily on the Education Ministry budget. Vasilescu also said that "beside that the laptops are simple toys, they’re not even have an expiring date". "We, the Parliament, do not want to support this project because there’s no money" for it.
Could it be that Romanian balked at the escalating "$100 laptop"? Or might OLPC have lost out for a much simpler and very unofficial reason, embarrassment? Maybe the Romanian parliament had just as much trouble opening the OLPC XO as Better Days did:
It took three geeky people over two minutes to open the clamshell OLPC computer body. Politicians? They're probably still trying to open it in Romania!

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Posted on March 22, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Use Cases: Education, Hardware: Screen, Countries: Thailand, Hardware: Wireless

olpc wireless mesh view
OLPC wireless mesh view
While 10 OLPC BTest-1 Children's Machine XO's arrived in January, and 30 BTest-2 laptops arrived in February, the One Laptop Per Child Thailand group has just recently updated the wiki. Though I can't read Thai, I can see they're having a damn good time with the OLPC XO!

First off, it seems they have installed the stable 303 Build of the Sugar user interface and are experimenting with its very interesting wireless mesh view. With little XO's showing different laptop nodes and the peaks denoting Internet connections, the mesh view is a handy graphical representation of users and connections.

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Posted on March 21, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Content: Localization, Commentary: OLPC News, Software: Third Party

Right now, the estimated 550 million North American and European Internet users dominate the online world. The 96 million Latin American, 33 million African, and 19 million Middle Eastern Internet users? All together, they are only 13% of the global world wide web adventurers. As Web 2.0 participants, they are most likely even less a percentage, removed by language and culture from the hyper-participatory "developed" world antics.

Now image the African, South American, and Middle Eastern numbers doubling, tripling, quadrupling over the next year as millions of students come online via the Children's Machine XO due to One Laptop Per Child's efforts. With 5-10 million laptops set to be distributed in the next 12-18 months (the single largest computer monoculture ever shipped), children in the developing world will be consuming and producing educational content on a grand scale.

What will the Internet look like? What should it look like? How will OLPC impact web design, content generation, information consumption, the entire "average user experience" online? Sugar is just the beginning of the revolution.

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Posted on March 21, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Prototypes: OLPC, Commentary: Press

In reading Fred J Aun's "Is OLPC Putting a Band-Aid on a Gaping Wound? article, I was surprised to see that Linspire President and CEO Kevin Carmony is still using the muffin stump analogy to describe the Children's Machine XO:
"It's the notion that you can go to a third-world country and give them the muffin stumps," he told LinuxInsider. "That's how we feel about these computers. They are so limited and so restricted as to what they can do, they're not going to have much value."
It seems that Linspire leadership is still under the misguided impression that the "$100 laptop" is trying to replace a standard computing environment. That a Sugar UI is meant for adult OLPC XO users, and therefore OLPC hardware is limited.

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Posted on March 20, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Hardware: Peripherals, Commentary: Press

First, there was One Laptop Per Child. And then there was Intel's Classmate PC. And now there is a third one-to-one laptop initiative to bring computing power and Internet connectivity to the developing world: One Macbook Per Child
While I expected OMPC to be announced in Steve Job's secret diary, it was Mobile Macs that first noted Jobs' efforts in conjunction with Metalab veterans.

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Posted on March 19, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Content: Education, Content: Games, Software: Third Party

Did you know that the United Nations Millennium Campaign, the UN program based in the Millennium Development Goal to
"free our fellow men, women and children from the abject and dehumanizing conditions of extreme poverty, to which more than a billion of them are currently subjected"
has teamed up with One Laptop Per Child to produce Millennium Campaign games for the OLPC XO?

That's right, the UN wants to:
  1. Educate young people on their human rights; safe environment, food, shelter, healthcare etc. promised to them in an agreement called the Millennium Development Goals
  2. Relate the message that governments promised to do all these things for them
  3. Empower young people to take tangible real world steps to ask their government to make their lives better
Via games on the "$100 laptop". Now don't those goals strike you as a little odd for a children's game? Like maybe a logic leap even for SimCity or Second Life on the OLPC? Lucky for us, Rikomatic has already thought out a few UN MDG 2015-centric games for the Children's Machine XO:

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Posted on March 16, 2007 by Guest Writer in People: Leadership, Implementation: Maintenance, Commentary: OLPC News

My name is Christoph Derndorfer and you might remember me from my earlier comments about OLPC videos at CES and Sugar user interface testing. Now while I'm on a train racing through the night to Hannover, Germany where I'll be attending CeBIT I finally had time to read through some very interesting notes taken during a recent presentation by Christopher Blizzard.

Blizzard was speaking during the NY Linux User's Group monthly meeting which was held at Google's offices in New York City. Unfortunately I haven't been able to find out who wrote that summary but the person certainly had some outstanding note-taking skills! Anyway, I'll be highlighting some key-aspects that I found to be interesting and which at least I previously hadn't heard about.
"With regard to issues involved in designing for kids: [Christopher Blizzard] admits they are doing something new and it may not work."
This is indeed very interesting. While Wayan Vota and many other smart people have been discussing the pro's and con's of OLPC's approach to education and design for a long time this appears to be the first incident of an OLPC key member admitting that their approach is indeed something completely new that "may not work".

If you've been reading or hearing some of the comments made by Nicholas Negroponte one might end up believing that OLPC's approach is just a great as sliced bread. If not better! 100% guaranteed!! Maybe this will trigger a broader discussion about the OLPC initiatives goals, methods and tools. Even though I'm not holding my breath.
"Tech support? Kids should be ale to do it themselves or just replace the machine at $150. Designed so it can be fixed but at that pricepoint you may not need to."
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Posted on March 15, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Internet: Access, Countries: Brazil, Hardware: Production, Internet: Routers, Hardware: School Servers

The OLPC XO needs back-up to serve its student users. At a minimum, an Internet router for the mesh network and local storage for OLPC content: One Server Per School. But just what does one server per school look like, what does it cost, and who is making it?

So far the OLPC Wiki is in agreement that One Server Per School will facilitate Internet connectivity and have data storage for 100 Children's Machine XO's. Everything else is still up for debate: server hardware & OS, other services, and the actual Internet connectivity method.

No matter what the outcome, the servers will not be free or few. The OLPC Wiki shows the OSPS impact for Argentina:
Doing some quick math based on Argentina Statistics, at the national level you have 5,151,856 kids in K-12 grades in 27,888 public schools, giving ~180 laptops / school (or ~3 servers / school).
Or 8,3664 servers total. Now while the final cost for the servers is still unknown, an OLPC feel-good pricing guesstimate would be $200 each or an additional $16.7 million dollars of Argentinean debt financing for one server per Argentinian school.

Interestingly enough, we do know who will be making the first 50,000 OSPS's: Brazil.

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Posted on March 14, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Commentary: OLPC News, Commentary: Press

OLPC Harvard debate
Your take on the debate?
Jeremy Allison in his "A laptop to change the world" article reports on the reception given the OLPC laptop at the FOSDEM (Europe's free/open source developer's conference). The report is mostly about the design of the hardware and software, but it includes a brief aside addressing criticism of the project as he understands it:
Critics of the OLPC project focused on two things. Firstly, that developing countries need development, food and medical aid, not laptops. Secondly, that what they describe as "cut-down computers" are patronizing to people there.

To answer the first point, the goal is to provide education, not simply computers. Educated people don't stay poor people for long, and lack of education is behind many of the developing world's problems. The second point shows how little people in the first world -- myself included -- understand the infrastructure of the developing world.
Unfortunately, reducing the criticism to these points ignores the arguments aimed at the core assumptions of the project - assumptions that generally go unchallenged in the discussion of the hardware and software specifications. I believe that we need to examine the contradiction between Negroponte's rhetoric ("it's an education project - not a laptop project") and his actions.

If OLPC were indeed an education project then it would proceed from the basis of an analysis as to what is wrong with education in the developing world and how it could be fixed.

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Posted on March 12, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Use Cases: Community, Implementation: Plan, Prototypes: XO

Physical theft of the OLPC XO is a worry for everyone involved in the OLPC "$100" laptop project. While Ivan Krstić is focused on a firmware solution, Bitfrost, this weekend, Walter Bender announced a more obvious solution: the physical form factor of the Children's Machine XO symbol:
A method for creating 400 different colors of XOs on the back cover of the laptop was decided: multi-color XO pieces of plastic will be attached via heat stake to the back cover of the laptop. 20 colors will be used for the X and the O, creating 400 unique combinations, enough for each child in a small school to have their own colors.
While XO color variations an interesting idea, and a start at personalization, might Jonah Bossewitch have more cost effective anti-theft solution? Stickers!

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Posted on March 09, 2007 by Wayan Vota in Commentary: Press, Software: Third Party, Hardware: Wireless

What might happen when Opera CTO, Håkon Wium Lie shows a Children's Machine XO to Wired.com's Michael Calore? You get a OLPC XO fanboy meet-up and a demonstration of the laptop's hardware on video:
Now how fanboy might Michael be after seeing the One Laptop Per Child computer up close? Check his laptop review...

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